International Communication Studies in Literature and Art (ISSN 3079 -2711)

ICSLA, Vol.1, No.1，2025, pp.81-92   

跨文化视域下印尼爪哇—巴厘《婆罗多大战记》图像模式及其源流

吴小红（Ng Siaw Hung）[1]

摘要：印度两大史诗《摩诃婆罗多》和《罗摩衍那》在东南亚产生了深远而持久的影响，印度尼西亚就是一个例子。《摩诃婆罗多》在进入马来群岛后，遵循着口传史诗传统，通过文本、皮影戏、文本图像、挂画等多重叙事线路发展。印尼爪哇-巴厘的《婆罗多大战记》主要根据印度的梵语史诗《摩诃婆罗多》中的“战斗篇”进行改译与诠释。《婆罗多大战记》已成为当地皮影戏、绘画、石雕艺术的主要创作源泉。本文对史诗图像所展现的文化特征及其风格进行了深入探讨，并运用了互文参照的方法进行分析。这一批来自印尼巴厘岛的史诗图像，不仅反映了印度文化的延续性，也显现出鲜明的地方化风格。可见，《婆罗多大战记》为观察史诗图像传统、动态表演与平面艺术的交汇提供了独特的视角，突显了图像媒体叙事的表现性，仿佛在纸面上演绎了一出皮影故事。

关键词：婆罗多大战记；东南亚；摩诃婆罗多；卡玛桑瓦扬

Title: The Pictorial Patterns and Origins of the Bhārata Yuddha in Javanese-Balinese Cross-Cultural Contexts

Abstract: The Indian epics Mahabharata and Ramayana have exerted profound and enduring influence across Southeast Asia, with Indonesia as a prominent example. After its transmission to the Malay Archipelago, the Mahabharata evolved through multiple narrative channels—oral traditions, texts, shadow puppet theater (wayang), textual illustrations, and scroll paintings—adapting to local cultural frameworks. The Javanese-Balinese Bhārata Yuddha (Chronicle of the Bharata War) is a reinterpretation and adaptation of the “Battle Parva” (war books) from the Sanskrit Mahabharata. Over time, the Bhārata Yuddha has become a foundational source for local artistic expressions, including wayang performances, paintings, and stone carvings. This paper delves into epic imagery’s cultural characteristics and stylistic features, employing intertextual referencing to analyze how these visual narratives intertwine with performative and textual traditions. The Balinese epic illustrations examined here not only reflect the continuity of Indian cultural motifs but also showcase distinct localized aesthetics. The Bhārata Yuddha thus offers a unique lens to observe the convergence of epic pictorial traditions, dynamic performances, and two-dimensional art, highlighting the expressive power of visual media in narrating stories—akin to a shadow play unfolding on paper.

Keywords: Bhārata Yuddha; Southeast Asia; Mahabharata; Kamasan Wayang

[1] 吴小红（Ng Siaw Hung），广西民族大学东盟学院讲师，研究方向：南亚、海岛东南亚跨文化传播。电邮：1901111082@pku.org.cn。